179 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
179 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
# Installation Guide
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- [Installation Guide](#installation-guide)
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- [Kubernetes TLS Root CA Certificate/Key Secret](#kubernetes-tls-root-ca-certificatekey-secret)
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- [Securing Ingress Resources](#securing-ingress-resources)
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- [Create New TLS Root CA Certificate and Key](#create-new-tls-root-ca-certificate-and-key)
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- [Install Cloudflare PKI/TLS `cfssl` Toolkit.](#install-cloudflare-pkitls-cfssl-toolkit)
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- [Create Root Certificate Authority (CA) Configuration File](#create-root-certificate-authority-ca-configuration-file)
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- [Create Certficate Signing Request (CSR) Configuration File](#create-certficate-signing-request-csr-configuration-file)
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- [Create TLS Root CA Certificate and Key](#create-tls-root-ca-certificate-and-key)
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Cert-Manager is a native Kubernetes certificate management controller. It can help with issuing certificates from a variety of sources, such as Let’s Encrypt, HashiCorp Vault, Venafi, a simple signing key pair, or self signed. It will ensure certificates are valid and up to date, and attempt to renew certificates at a configured time before expiry.
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The Kubespray out-of-the-box cert-manager deployment uses a TLS Root CA certificate and key stored as the Kubernetes `ca-key-pair` secret consisting of `tls.crt` and `tls.key`, which are the base64 encode values of the TLS Root CA certificate and key respectively.
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Integration with other PKI/Certificate management solutions, such as HashiCorp Vault will require some further development changes to the current cert-manager deployment and may be introduced in the future.
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## Kubernetes TLS Root CA Certificate/Key Secret
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If you're planning to secure your ingress resources using TLS client certificates, you'll need to create and deploy the Kubernetes `ca-key-pair` secret consisting of the Root CA certificate and key to your K8s cluster.
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If these are already available, simply update `templates\secret-cert-manager.yml.j2` with the base64 encoded values of your TLS Root CA certificate and key prior to enabling and deploying cert-manager.
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e.g.
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```shell
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$ cat ca.pem | base64 -w 0
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LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJU...
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$ cat ca-key.pem | base64 -w 0
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LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBSU0Eg...
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```
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For further information, read the official [Cert-Manager CA Configuration](https://cert-manager.io/docs/configuration/ca/) doc.
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Once the base64 encoded values have been added to `templates\secret-cert-manager.yml.j2`, cert-manager can now be enabled by editing your K8s cluster addons inventory e.g. `inventory\sample\group_vars\k8s-cluster\addons.yml` and setting `cert_manager_enabled` to true.
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```ini
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# Cert manager deployment
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cert_manager_enabled: true
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```
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If you don't have a TLS Root CA certificate and key available, you can create these by following the steps outlined in section [Create New TLS Root CA Certificate and Key](#create-new-tls-root-ca-certificate-and-key) using the Cloudflare PKI/TLS `cfssl` toolkit. TLS Root CA certificates and keys can also be created using `ssh-keygen` and OpenSSL, if `cfssl` is not available.
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## Securing Ingress Resources
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A common use-case for cert-manager is requesting TLS signed certificates to secure your ingress resources. This can be done by simply adding annotations to your Ingress resources and cert-manager will facilitate creating the Certificate resource for you. A small sub-component of cert-manager, ingress-shim, is responsible for this.
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To enable the Nginx Ingress controller as part of your Kubespray deployment, simply edit your K8s cluster addons inventory e.g. `inventory\sample\group_vars\k8s-cluster\addons.yml` and set `ingress_nginx_enabled` to true.
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```ini
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# Nginx ingress controller deployment
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ingress_nginx_enabled: true
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```
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For example, if you're using the Nginx ingress controller, you can secure the Prometheus ingress by adding the annotation `cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: ca-issuer` and the `spec.tls` section to the `Ingress` resource definition.
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```yaml
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apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: Ingress
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metadata:
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name: prometheus-k8s
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namespace: monitoring
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labels:
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prometheus: k8s
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annotations:
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kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
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cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: ca-issuer
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spec:
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tls:
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- hosts:
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- prometheus.example.com
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secretName: prometheus-dashboard-certs
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rules:
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- host: prometheus.example.com
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http:
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paths:
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- path: /
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backend:
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serviceName: prometheus-k8s
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servicePort: web
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```
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Once deployed to your K8s cluster, every 3 months cert-manager will automatically rotate the Prometheus `prometheus.example.com` TLS client certificate and key, and store these as the Kubernetes `prometheus-dashboard-certs` secret.
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For further information, read the official [Cert-Manager Ingress](https://cert-manager.io/docs/usage/ingress/) doc.
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### Create New TLS Root CA Certificate and Key
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#### Install Cloudflare PKI/TLS `cfssl` Toolkit.
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e.g. For Ubuntu/Debian distibutions, the toolkit is part of the `golang-cfssl` package.
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get install -y golang-cfssl
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```
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#### Create Root Certificate Authority (CA) Configuration File
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The default TLS certificate expiry time period is `8760h` which is 5 years from the date the certificate is created.
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```shell
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$ cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
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{
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"signing": {
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"default": {
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"expiry": "8760h"
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},
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"profiles": {
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"kubernetes": {
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"usages": ["signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth"],
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"expiry": "8760h"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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EOF
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```
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#### Create Certficate Signing Request (CSR) Configuration File
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The TLS certificate `names` details can be updated to your own specific requirements.
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```shell
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$ cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
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{
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"CN": "Kubernetes",
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"key": {
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"algo": "rsa",
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"size": 2048
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},
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"names": [
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{
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"C": "US",
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"L": "Portland",
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"O": "Kubernetes",
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"OU": "CA",
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"ST": "Oregon"
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}
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]
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}
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EOF
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```
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#### Create TLS Root CA Certificate and Key
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```shell
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$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
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ca.pem
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ca-key.pem
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```
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Check the TLS Root CA certificate has the correct `Not Before` and `Not After` dates, and ensure it is indeed a valid Certificate Authority with the X509v3 extension `CA:TRUE`.
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```shell
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$ openssl x509 -text -noout -in ca.pem
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Certificate:
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Data:
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Version: 3 (0x2)
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Serial Number:
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6a:d4:d8:48:7f:98:4f:54:68:9a:e1:73:02:fa:d0:41:79:25:08:49
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Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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Issuer: C = US, ST = Oregon, L = Portland, O = Kubernetes, OU = CA, CN = Kubernetes
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Validity
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Not Before: Jul 10 15:21:00 2020 GMT
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Not After : Jul 9 15:21:00 2025 GMT
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Subject: C = US, ST = Oregon, L = Portland, O = Kubernetes, OU = CA, CN = Kubernetes
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Subject Public Key Info:
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...
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X509v3 extensions:
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X509v3 Key Usage: critical
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Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
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X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
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CA:TRUE
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X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
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D4:38:B5:E2:26:49:5E:0D:E3:DC:D9:70:73:3B:C4:19:6A:43:4A:F2
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...
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```
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